54 soil samples were collected from Pogang nature reserve in Xingyi city,Qingshui River nature reserve in Xingren county and Qinglong Mountain nature reserve in Anlong county in Karst landform area of southwest of Guizhou province.The Bacillus-like species were isolated by utilizing plate separation method and then identified using morphological observation,Physiological and biochemical experiments and 16SrRNA gene sequence analysis.Results showed that 129 strains isolated from these soil samples belonged to 24 Bacillus-like species and 3 genus (Bacillus,Lysinibacillus and Brevibacillus).The dominant bacteria forming spore are Bacillus thuringiensis(20.16％),Bacillus cereus (14.73％),Bacillus wiedmannii (10.08％) of three reserves and Bacillus is dominant genera(93.80％).Further research in terms of diversity indicated that every index of Bacillus-like in Qingshui River was the highest(3.9377,2.4455,0.9031),but Pogang had the lowest level of what included Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index (2.2160,0.8183),and the Margalef richness index about Qinglong Mountain was the lowest (3.3581).Pogang was not similar to Qingshui River and Qinglong Mountain(0.2432,0.1875),while Qingshui River and Qinglong Mountain were not either moderately concerning the Jaccard similarity index(0.2571).%采集兴义市坡岗、兴仁县清水河和安龙县青龙山三个贵州省西南部喀斯特保护区土样,利用平板分离方法分离芽孢杆菌,根据形态学观察、生理生化实验和16SrRNA基因序列分析对其进行鉴定.结果表明:从54份土样中共分离到芽孢杆菌129株,鉴定为24个种,分为3个属:芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)和短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacillus),其中芽孢杆菌属为优势属(93.80％),苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)(20.16％)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)(14.73％)和维德曼芽孢杆菌(Bacillus wiedmannii)(10.08％)为优势种.在多样性方面,清水河保护区的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou 均匀度指数皆最高(3.937 7,2.4455,0.903),坡岗保护区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数最低(2.2160,0.8183),青龙山保护区的Margalef丰富度指数最低(3.358 1);从Jaccard相似性指数来看,坡岗与清水河、青龙山保护区的芽孢杆菌资源不相似(0.243 2,0.1875),而清水河与青龙山中等不相似(0.257 1).
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