为控制猕猴桃真菌病害,本研究使用平板对峙法,从34株青蒿内生真菌中筛选出对5种常见猕猴桃病原真菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea、Collectotrichum sp.、Monilinia laxa、phoma sp.、Alternaria alternata)具有广谱高效拮抗作用的菌株,并采用菌丝生长速率法检测了拮抗菌株发酵液及其发酵液粗提物对猕猴桃病原真菌的抑菌活性.结果表明:在平板对峙试验中,21号青蒿内生真菌具有较好的抑菌活性,对猕猴桃软腐病病原菌的抑制率高达81.16%,对其他几种猕猴桃病原真菌的抑制率也均在50%以上;21号菌株发酵液在浓度为20%时,对Botryosha-eria dothidea,Collectotrichum sp.,Alternaria alternate三种病害菌的抑制率分别达到了80.26%、79.12%、45.84%;在1 mg/mL浓度下,21号菌株发酵液乙酸乙酯粗提物对Monilinia laxa、phoma sp.的抑菌活性分别达到了100%、60.45%.研究表明21号菌株发酵液乙酸乙酯粗提物能有效抑制猕猴桃病害菌株,值得进一步研究.%In the present study, dual-culture inhibitionwas used to screen antagonistic strains from 34 endophytic fungi of Artemisia carvifoliaagainst five common pathogenic fungi( Botryosphaeria dothidea, Collectotrichum sp., Monilinia laxa, Phoma sp., Alternaria alternata) of Actinidia chinensis. Also, growth rate method was employed to detect the antagonistic effect of the fermentation liquid and the crude extracts from fermented liquid against pathogenic fungi. No 21 endophytic fungi isolated from A. carvifoliademonstrated better antibacterial activity. Inhibition rates of Phoma sp. ( A. chinensis soft rot) was 81.16%, and that of several other tested pathogenic fungi reached higher than 50%. Inhibition rates of 20%fer-mentation liquid against B. dothidea, Collectotrichum sp., and A. alternatewere 80.26%, 79.12%, 45.84%, respectively. The ethyl crude extracts of No 21 strain fermentation liquid ( 1 mg/mL ) gave 100% and 60. 45% inhibition rates a-gainstM. laxa and Phoma sp., respectively. Therefore, the ethyl crude extracts of No 21 fermentation liquid might effec-tively inhibit the pathogenic fungi of A. chinensis, and was promising for deserving further exploitation.
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