Objective To measure the bone structure and internal structure of femoral head, so as to supply the anatomical ba-sis for clinical proximal femoral nail antirotation surgery.Methods 140 adult patients with femoral bone specimens were selected, and the bone structure and the internal structure of femoral head were measured.Results The internal vertical diameter of the femoral head was (44.24 3.02) mm, the anteroposterior diameter of the femoral head inside was (38.02 2.26) mm, the length along the 130 °femoral neck shaft angle to the outer surface was (89.18 6.23) mm, the minimum inside diameter of the upper and lower neck was (27.02 3.28) mm, the minimum inside diameter of the femoral neck before and after was (24.32 3.12) mm, and the minimum in-side diameter of the femoral canal was (11.08 1.16) mm.Conclusion The internal proximal femur anatomy of adult people, espe-cially the internal structure of the femoral neck and femoral head, has great significance for proximal femoral nail antirotation, which can effectively avoid the spiral blade hammer into the lead late piercing too deep femoral surface.%目的：为临床股骨转子间或转子下骨折采用股骨近端防旋髓内钉髓内固定术提供解剖学测量基础。方法用140例成人股骨干骨标本，分别对股骨转子间的骨性结构及股骨头内部结构进行解剖学测量。结果观测得股骨头内部上下径（44．24±3．02）mm；股骨头内部前后径（38．0±2．26）mm；沿130°颈干角股骨头至股骨外表面轴长（89．18±6．23）mm；股骨颈最小上下内径（27．02±3．28）mm；股骨颈最小前后内径（24．32±3．12）mm；股骨髓腔最小内径（11．08±1．16）mm。结论国人成人股骨上端的内部解剖学特别是股骨颈及股骨头内部结构观测对临床实施股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定术有一定的指导意义，可有效避免螺旋刀片锤入过深导致后期穿出股骨头表面。
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