在我国，少数民族(广西壮族除外)一直实行的是宽松的人口政策，通过分析各少数民族的生育水平发现，大多数民族的实际生育率都低于政策生育率，主要是受生育障碍和主动放弃生育机会、受教育水平低、城市化水平低等因素影响。同时，宽松的人口政策能有效降低出生性别比。要根治出生性别比失衡问题，不但需要停止计划生育，而且需要改善民生、降低养育成本，在治理性别比的同时也提高生育率。建议尽快停止计划生育政策，并出台有利于人口发展的经济、社会、文化政策。%exempted from the population growth control of the One-Child Policy, ethnic minorities in China ( except the Zhuang, Guangxi) have been enjoying a relaxed population policy. through the a-nalysis of their fertility level, we found that most of their actual fertility, birth rates are lower than poli-cy level, which is mainly affected by the factors: reproductive disorders and willingness to give up birth opportunity, low level of education, low urbanization level, etc. At the same time, the relaxed policy has effectively reduced the sex ratio at birth. To effect a radical cure for the imbalance of sex ratio at birth, it is necessary not only to stop the birth control policy, but also to improve people's livelihood and reduce the cost of raising, and in the meantime of dealing with the sex ratio, the fertility rate is to be raised. It is suggested here to stop as soon as possible the family planning, and come up with eco-nomic, social and cultural policies in favor of the population development.
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