"Theory of Childlike Innocence"is an important statement in the development of theory of literature and art of ancient China. It is not only a reflection of Li Zhi on neo-Confucianism, but a consequence of the emphasis on e-motion and innocence in the late Ming Dynasty. Philosophically speaking, Li Zhi criticized the hypocrisy of pseudo-Confu-cianism and advocated the "absolute and pure"childlike innocence. Literately speaking, when encountered with the simi-larity and sameness in writing styles, Li Zhi objected to the restoration of ancient ways, discarded the tendency of valuing the ancient and despising the present, and stressed that writing based on childlike innocence would be the best in the world. Tracking down the origin of Li Zhi's "Theory of Childlike Innocence", we can easily find the trails of the merge of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and his emphasis on purity, truth and emotion has also been stressed in the his-tory of ancient literature in China.%"童心说"是中国古代文论发展史上的重要命题.它不仅是李贽对程朱理学反思的结果,也是晚明重情、尚真文学思潮发展的必然产物.在哲学层面上,李贽对"被服儒雅,行若狗彘"的伪道学进行剥肤见髓的批判,并倡导以"绝假纯真"之童心革除"阳为道学,阴为富贵"的虚伪行径;在文学层面上,针对千人一面、万喙同声的字摹句拟之风,李贽反对贵古卑今的复古趋向,强调"诗何必古选,文何必先秦",苟童心之自出则为天下之至文.对李贽的"童心说"沿波讨源,不难发现其思想根源中儒、释、道三教融合的印迹,其尚真黜假、重情发愤的文学理念在中国古代文学发展史上也是一以贯之、不绝如缕的存在.
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