张謇是较早认识日本侵华动机且又主张学习日本的士大夫。甲午战争前，他察觉日本对华的觊觎之心，忧虑政府未有应对之策；甲午战争时，他对日本侵华极为愤慨，对李鸿章强烈谴责，主张“以战定和”；甲午战争后，他深感自强方能御侮，主张学习日本之长，以达国强民富。张謇对日本的认识构成其对日本主体态度：警惕其野心，学习其所长。%Abstuact: Zhang Jian, a scholar official, recognized the motivation of Japanese to invade China earlier, and also ad-vocated to learn from Japanese. Before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Zhang Jian noticed that China was a covet-ed aim of Japan, and was worried that Qing government didn’t have the countermeasures. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 , Zhang Jian was very angry about Japanese aggression against China. At the same time, Zhang Jian strongly condemned Li Hong-zhang’s behavior, and advocated “Facilitate Peace by War”. After the war, Zhang Jian strongly felt that only self-improvement can resist foreign aggression, so he advocated to learn from Japanese advantages so as to establish a wealthy and strong country. In general, Zhang Jian ’s understanding of Japan formed two aspects of his attitudes towards Japan: being alert to its ambitions and learning from its advantages.
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