针对现有大气密度探测方法的精度低、成本高、时空一致性差等不足,提出基于高超声速再入圆球的临近空间大气密度探测方法.根据再入运动方程沿弹道迭代计算大气密度值.仿真结果表明,该方法可测得高度90 km以下的大气密度,测量精度在6%以内.对带有偏心配重块的圆球建立沿弹道的六自由度运动分析模型,结合气动力热数值模拟确定了双天线罩布局方案;并进一步对带双天线罩的偏心圆球实现了沿弹道的热传导数值计算,提出热防护方案,证明了探测方案的可行性.提出的大气密度测量方法可以为建立临近空间高精度大气密度模型提供参考.%A near space atmospheric density detection method based on hypersonic reentry sphere was proposed with the aim of overcoming the shortages of current detection methods, such as the low accuracy, the high cost and the weak time-space conformity.The measurement error was analyzed according to the kinematic equation of reentry sphere.The results show that the atmospheric density below the height of 90 km can be detected with the accuracy level below 6%.The antenna placement scheme was determined by analyzing the 6-DOF (degree of freedom) motion model of the sphere with eccentric balancing weight and combining with the numerical simulation of aerodynamic heat.Numerical calculation of heat conduction along ballistic trajectory for the eccentric sphere with double radome was achieved and the thermal protection scheme was performed eventually to demonstrate the feasibility of this detection scheme.The proposed detection method of atmospheric density can provide a meaningful reference to the construction of high-accuracy near-space atmospheric density.
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