利用ISSR分子标记对黄檗17个自然种群作遗传多样性分析，8条引物共扩增出81条带，其中61条具有多态性。结果表明，在物种水平上多态位点百分率（PPL）为75.31%，Shannon多样性指数（I）为0.3045，Nei's基因多样性指数（H）为0.2788。在种群水平上PPL为43.87%，I为0.2243，H为0.2628，种群间遗传分化系数Gst为0.2065，基因流Nm为1.9213。AMOVA分析表明，种群间遗传分化水平Fst为0.2235，黄檗遗传变异主要存在于种群内（77.65%）。Mantel检验表明，黄檗种群间地理距离与遗传距离间存在极显著正相关关系（R=0.789，P<0.01）。UPGMA聚类分析将17个黄檗种群分为两大类：华北种群组和东北种群组，地理较近种群有聚集趋势。推测长白山地区为黄檗现代遗传多样性分布中心。%Genetic diversity of 17 natural populations of Phel odendron amurense was assessed by the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) technique, using eight specific and stable primers, a total of 81 lo-ci were identified, 61 of which were polymorphic. The results showed that at the species level, total percent-age of polymorphic loci (PPL) was 75.31%, and Shannon's information index (I) and Nei's gene diversity (H) were 0.3045 and 0.2788, respectively. At the population level, the mean value of P, I and H were 43.87%, 0.2243 and 0.2628, respectively. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) among populations was 0.2065, and the value of gene flow (Nm) inferred from Gst was 1.9213. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) dem-onstrated that most variance occurred within populations, while the variance among populations accounted for 22.35% (Fst=0.2235). Mantel test results showed a significant positive correlation between genetic dis-tance and geographic distance among al populations (R=0.789, P<0.01). Total 17 populations were clus-tered into two groups by the UPGMA analysis including the North China group and the Northeast China group. Moreover, results of UPGMA clustering analysis showed that the populations tend to cluster together were nearer in geographical distance. The Changbai Mountain may be modern center of genetic diversity for P.amurense.
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