近十几年以来,在首相官邸职能不断强化、原有机制弊端日益凸显等背景下,日本大力推动海洋政策决策机制的转型,力图将首相官邸确立为新的主导方.为了实现这一转型,日本政府进行了严密的制度设计,完成了决策机构与法律体系的双重构建.在决策机构上,日本政府建立了海洋政策本部,并与各省厅共同组成了新的决策机构体系.而在海洋法律方面,日本政府于2006 -2010年渐进地完成了以《海洋基本法》为核心的法律体系的构建.尽管革除了原有机制诸多弊端,但因政策制定能力有限、族议员与利益集团等势力的牵制、片面迎合国家右倾化政策等原因,新的日本海洋政策决策机制总体上仍存在很大的局限.日本海洋政策决策机制的转型将明显扩大以安倍为核心的首相官邸权力边界,对日本在钓鱼岛、印太战略、南海等重要涉海议题上的政策走向以及未来的亚太安全局势都将产生深远影响.%In recent decades,Japan has vigorously promoted the transition of ocean policy decision-making mechanism by establishing Prime Minister's Office as the new leading force in the context of Prime Minister's Office functions strengthening and the disadvantages of its original mechanism appearing.Inor-der to achieve this transition,Japanese government had a rigorous policydesign and finished both decision-making mechanism and legal system.In terms of decision-making system,Japanese government set up an ocean policy department and formed a new decision-making system with various ministries.From the per-spectiveof ocean law,Japanese government gradually completed the construction of a legal system with Basic Act on Ocean Policy as the core during 2006-2010.Although some disadvantages in original mecha-nism were abolished,due to limitedpolicy-setting ability,benefit entanglement between congressmen and interest groups,and catering to the right wing strategy,there are great limitations in Japan's new ocean policy decision-makingmechanism.The transformation of Japan's ocean policy decision-making mechanism will significantly expand Prime Minister Abe's power and exert aprofound influence on Japan's policy strate-gy concerning issues in the Diaoyu Islands,the South China Sea,Indo-Pacific strategy as well as on the fu-ture security situation in Asia-Pacific area.
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