College of Engineering;
Ocean University of China;
College of Marine Science and Technology;
China University of Geosciences;
Wuhan;
School of Hydraulic Engineering;
Changsha University of Science & Technology;
Department of Civil Engineering;
City College;
The City University of New York;
College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering;
Shandong Agricultural University;
piggyback; pipeline; local; scour; scour; depth; current; volume; of; fluid; experiment; numerical; simulation;