Authentic monogamy is short of the basis of biological sociobiology and is very rare, for it is one of the abnormal behaviors in biological community. Polyandry, an atypical form of marriage, still continues its existence in Tibet of China as well as in other parts of the world. Polyandry consists of different forms, such as one wife among brothers, among father and sons, among uncles and nephews, among friends as well as other subcategories such as renting wives, marrying off wives or even group marriage and so on. Scholars at home and abroad discussed its causes. Folk law provides new perspectives for its analyses, revealing its practice logic of survival wisdom. Polyandry should not be treated as a primitive, vulgar or backward form of marriage just because it conflicts with the value system of traditional marriage. Both of its functions and existence values should not be neglected.%真正的一夫一妻制缺乏生物社会学基础且十分罕见，在生物学界这属于不正常的行为之一。“一妻多夫”作为一种非典型的婚姻形式，在世界范围内延绵不断，在我国西藏地区至今仍然存在。“一妻多夫”有兄弟共妻、父子共妻、舅甥共妻、叔侄共妻、朋友共妻等形态和典妻、转房婚俗、群婚等亚形态，国内外不同学者论述了其存在的成因，“民间法”更为我们剖析这种婚姻形态提供了全新的视角，体现为“生存性智慧”的实践逻辑。不能因为“一妻多夫”与传统婚姻价值体系有冲突，而将其定性为“原始的”“粗俗的”“落后的”婚姻形式，甚至忽视其既有功能和存在价值。
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