四川省茂县是全国最大的羌族聚居区,地处龙门后山断裂带和汶川地震核心区,具有特殊的自然、人文特征和复杂的贫困人口问题,典型性很强。解决好当地的贫困人口问题,对全国所有生态脆弱区、民族文化区贫困人口问题的治理具有重要借鉴意义。通过对茂县案例的初步研究,可以得出这样的结论：生态脆弱区和民族文化区在开发式扶贫中,必须注重开发和保护的平衡,开发重点是当地基础设施的建设、自然资源的科学利用和贫困人口自身发展能力的提升。此外,还应避免将扶贫和地区开发混同。%Maoxian County in Sichuan Province is the largest area where live the people of the Qiang Ethnic Group. It is located in the fracture belt of Longmen Back Mount and the central area stricken by earthquake in Wenchuan. This area has its peculiar natural and humanistic features, and complicated issues of impoverished population, thus making it a typical case. A good solution to the issues of the local impoverished population will be of great significance as a reference for the solution to the issues of impoverished population in those ecologically-fragile areas and ethnic cultural areas all lover China. Through a tentative research on the case of Maoxian County we can come to the conclusion that we must pay great attention to the balance between development and preservation when we make poverty alleviation through development in ecologically-fragile areas and ethnic cuhural areas, with its focus on the local infrastructure construction, the scientific use of natural resources and the enhancement of the capabilities for the impoverished population themselves. Besides, we must avoid mixing poverty alleviation with economic development in those areas.
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