There have been "beneficial" and "harmful" arguments about the relationship between sport and health all the time. Sports history study based on cultural history provides a new research theory and method for analyzing and setting the two arguments. The transition of human body consciousness becomes the core for probing into the relationship between sport and health. Under body holism in ancient Greece, sport formed the "holistic health" of the body, mind and society; under body dualism in the middle ages, health was divided, sport could only form physical health; while under the development of science, technologies and theories in the Renaissance period, sport was related to the health of the body, mind and society, but it formed "divided" health under the abstraction of ra-tional power. Analyzing the relationship between sport and health under the history of human body consciousness can resolve the current contradictive understandings about their relationship on the one hand, and enable body study to be carried out on sport and let sports history study feed back to history study on the other hand.%体育与健康的关系一直存在"有益"与"有害"的争论.基于文化背景下的体育史研究,为分析和解决两者争议提供了新的研究理论和方法.人类身体意识的变迁成为探究体育与健康关系的核心.在古希腊身体整体论下,体育形成身体、心灵与社会的"整体性"健康;在中世纪身心二元论下,健康被分裂,体育仅能形成身体健康;而在文艺复兴时期科学技术与理论的发展,体育又与身体、心灵与社会的健康相关,但却是在理性力量的抽象下形成"分裂"健康.在人类身体意识史下,对体育与健康的关系梳理,一方面能化解当前对两者关系的矛盾认识,另一方面也使身体研究能落实于体育之中,让体育史研究反哺历史学研究.
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