为了建构竞走训练负荷控制理论及指导运动训练实践,以我国高水平竞走运动员及训练比赛周期的负荷控制为研究对象,探讨了竞走训练负荷控制过程的内涵、运行机理和操作性特征.认为:一个完整的训练负荷控制过程包括数理控制和负荷效应控制两个基本过程,二者相辅相成,不可分割;运行机理由"他组织"走向"自组织",他组织必要而非充分,自组织充分而非充要.高水平竞走运动员训练负荷控制过程逐步呈现体能训练技术化、负荷控制专项化、高原训练常态化、负荷控制平原化、训练恢复一体化、效应控制个性化等特征.%In order to build a race walking training load control theory and enable it to guide sports training practice, the authors probed into the connation, running mechanism and operating characteristics of race waking training load control process by basing their research subject on high performance race walkers in China and their load control in training and competition periods, and put forward the following opinions: a complete training load control process includes two basic processes, namely, mathematical control and load effect control, which are mutually supplementary, and inseparable; the running mechanism changes from "other-organization" to "self-organization", in which other-organization is necessary but not sufficient, while self-organization is sufficient but not fully necessary; high performance race walker training load con-trol process gradually presents the following characteristics: endurance training tends to be technology independent; load control tends to be event specific; plateau training tends to become a normal procedure; load control tends to be carried out on a plain; training and recovery are integrated; effect control is individualized etc.
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