Objective:To study the anatomical relationship of TMJ with the adjacent anatomic landmarks and important nerves and vessels for the application of TMJ operation with arthroscopy.Methods:TMJs of 7 corpses were dissected and studied anatomically.The anterior inclining angle of external auditory canal was measured on 20 CT films which show the symmetry of bilateral external auditory meatus and the central position of nasal septum.Results:Close anatomical relation was observed between TMJ with the frontal branch of facial nerve,the transverse facial artery and vein,as well as the auricular nerve and vascular plexus.Conclusions:The anatomic relationship of adjacent tissues with the structure of TMJ is the important reference for operations with TMJ arthroscopy.%目的：了解颞下颌关节(TMJ)与邻近各解剖标志以及重要神经血管的解剖关系，以便更好地掌握手术操作方式和手术范围。方法：解剖测量7具国人尸体头颅的TMJ解剖结构及其与邻近解剖标志和重要神经血管的解剖关系，并依据20张显示鼻中隔居中，双侧解剖结构对称的CT片测量外耳道前倾角。结果：TMJ与面神经的颞支、面横动静脉、耳前神经血管束等组织的解剖关系非常密切；外耳道前倾角、关节结节后斜面斜度、关节窝最薄处骨壁厚度和等测量数据对术者的操作是十分重要的参数值。结论：手术者熟知颞下颌关节的结构及其与邻近重要组织的解剖关系才能掌握好穿刺的角度和深度，控制手术范围，尽量减少手术并发症的发生。
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