目的：探讨平时颌面火器伤的特点和救治经验，以期提高临床救治水平。方法：回顾分析301例颌面火器伤的伤因、伤情和救治，分析总结伤情特点及救治原则。结果：伤员中男女比例为5.1∶1。301例火器伤中，枪弹伤占57%。伤情以多发伤为主，占66%。合并伤以颅脑伤最常见(16%)。所有伤员中，共有伤道900余处，多为盲管伤(72%)，发生异物存留者占67%。复合伤主要为烧伤和冲击伤。多见于爆炸伤。救治措施主要为维持生命、早期清创和抗感染。结论：颌面部火器伤因致伤物、致伤方式和解剖因素而复杂多变，救治时应综合考虑，对症治疗。%Objective: To view the characteristics and the primary treatment of civilian firearm wound in the maxillofacial region.Methods: 301 cases of the casualties admitted to our hospital were retrospectively investigated,the epidemic, etiology, wound characteristics, and treatments of the patients were viewed respectively. Results: Of all the cases, the ratio of male to female was 5.1∶1.0. 57% of the injuries were caused by gunshot, 66% were with multiple injuries.16% combination wound were craniocerebral injuries. In this group of patients, more than 900 wound tracks were found, 72% of the tracks were nonpenetrating and 67% of those were with foreign bodies lodged in. Burns with blast injuries were the main complex wounds, which mostly occurred in explosion. The treatments mainly included life maintaining, earlier debridement and infection control. Conclusions: The maxillofacial firearm injuries are complex and have their own characteristics depending on the firearms, the wound styles and the regional anatomy. All the factors must be considered when treatment is given.
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