As a new type construction material, fiber reinforced concrete （FRC） is accomplished to improve the durability of concrete structures. The repairing costs are saved by prolonging the service life of buildings. This paper investigates the working mechanism and application situations of a new type polymer fiber reinforced concrete, namely engineered cement based composite （ECC）. Many research reports indicate that the ductility of PVA fiber reinforced concrete can be improved by the damage of compression strength. Therefore, polymer fiber reinforced concrete is suitable to be used in the reinforcement covers and tension components including beams and slabs. However, the present investigation suggests that the use of polymer fiber reinforced concrete in compression elements should be cautious.%纤维混凝土（FRC）对混凝土结构的耐久性有明显加强的作用，可以通过延长建筑物的使用寿命，节约建筑物维护和维修的费用．探讨一种新型的聚合物合成纤维水泥基复合材料ECC的工作性能和应用现状．大量研究表明PVA纤维混凝土可以通过牺牲部分抗压强度来提高材料抗裂性能．因此，如果在工程施工中，梁、板等受拉构件或者混凝土钢筋保护层等需要进行耐久性设计的构件使用ECC材料，会取得显著的抗裂性能，提高混凝土构件的耐久性，而以抗压强度起主要作用的抗压构件则建议谨慎使用．
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