In previous studies the value of ecosystem services was evaluated microscopically by ecological indi-cators such as soil properties, biomass, carbon storage, oxygen release, water quality, and others. In this paper, the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services in Liuyang River basin was studied from the perspective of Geographic Information System(GIS)based spatial relationships by using a combination of geographic data and spatial analy-sis technologies. The Liuyang River basin was divided into grids with a resolution of 1km×1km. The weights of factors that affect the value of ecosystem services (such as topography, geological disasters, roads, scenic spots, vegetation coverage, and plant net primary productivity) were evaluated using the entropy method and analytic hi-erarchy process (AHP) in order to investigate the influence of natural and social factors on the value of ecosystem services in a quantitative manner. The results demonstrate that the value of ecosystem services is mainly affected by vegetation coverage, plant net primary productivity, and road network density. The value of ecosystem services grows with the increase in either vegetation coverage, plant net primary productivity, or road network density. Dif-ferent types of land play different roles in ecosystem services. Cultivated land, grassland, and water each have significant supply and regulating functions while forest has significant regulating and supporting functions. The value of ecosystem services of cultivated land and water that are closely related to human activity is significantly influenced by spatial heterogeneity. In contrast, the effect of spatial heterogeneity on the value of ecosystem ser-vices of forest land and grassland that are located in mountains and hills, far away from the human accumulation zone, is insignificant.%从 GIS 空间关系角度分析,区别于前人通过生态学中土壤质地、生物量、碳存储、氧释放量和水体质量等微观层面评估生态系统服务价值,以地理空间数据为基础,空间分析为核心技术,对浏阳河流域生态系统服务价值的空间异质性进行了研究.首先以1×1 KM格网形式将流域划分,然后将地形、地质灾害点、道路、景点、关心点等人类活动热点分布以及植被覆盖度、植物净初级生产力作为影响因子,然后结合熵值法和层次分析法计算这些因子对生态系统每个服务价值的权重,权重可以反映对生态系统服务价值的影响的程度.受空间异质性影响每个格网都具有不同的空间特征,格网中土地利用类型种类数量不一,存在多种土地类型的格网就构成了微型景观,其复杂的物种组成,稳定的内部结构,提高自身调节,生态系统稳定性也就增强,因此这种景观格局方式使格网内生态服务总价值应该大于各生态系统服务价值代数累加之和.研究发现:9个指标因子中植被覆盖度、植物净初级生产力和道路分布情况对生态服务价值影响最显著,植被覆盖度高、植物净初级生产能力强,道路网密集会提高生态系统服务价值;不同土地类型主要的生态系统服务也不一样:耕地、草地和水体的供给服务、调节服务突出,林地的调节和支持服务突出;在各地类中,耕地和水体生态服务价值受空间异质性影响较大,因为耕地和水体与人类活动密切相关,受自然和人类双重因素影响,而林地和草地由于多位于远离人类的山地和丘陵区,主要受生物和地理环境影响,受空间异质性影响相对较弱.本研究针对生态系统服务价值评估,定量分析每个格网的自然和社会特征因素对生态服务价值估算影响,为精确科学评估生态服务价值提供参考.
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