首页> 中文期刊> 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》 >国内外生态治理技术及其评价研究综述

国内外生态治理技术及其评价研究综述

         

摘要

Ecological degradation is a global problem,and ecological restoration technologies have played and will continue to play an important role in its mitigation.However,the lack of systematic research and evaluations of ecological technologies has thus far affected their effective application in vulnerable ecological regions.This study therefore provides an overview of the main technologies for remediating soil and water erosion,desertification,and rock desertification in China and throughout the world.It addresses key issues and recommends approaches for evaluating ecological restoration technologies.Restoration technology emerged as early as 1800.Over the years such technology has changed from single objective applications to multi-purpose,multi-objective applications employing strategies that take into account ecosystem rehabilitation and integrated ecological and socioeconomic development.Along with this technological evolution,different countries have taken pertinent actions as part of their restoration initiatives.However,key issues remain,including the lack of location-specific restoration technologies and a methodological strategy to assess and prioritize existing technologies.This study proposes a four-level analytical hierarchical framework in conjunction with an indicator system that highlights the establishment and adaptation of associative indicators,while also recommending a three-phase evaluation method (TheMert),targeting TheMert to qualitative (quick and extensive) and quantitative (detailed) evaluations in order to select the most appropriate restoration technologies available.This study can also be used as a basis for understanding the evaluation and prioritization of restoration technologies,while increasing the awareness of decision makers and the public on the role of technology in restoring degraded ecosystems.%近百年来,中国乃至全球生态退化日趋严峻.根据联合国千年生态系统服务评估报告,全球约60%的生态系统处于退化与不可持续状态.我国中度以上生态脆弱区面积占陆地总面积的55%,荒漠化、水土流失、石漠化等土地面积占国土总面积的22%左右.生态技术在遏制生态退化进程中发挥着重要作用.本文旨在系统梳理和分析国内外生态脆弱区水土流失、荒漠化以及石漠化治理技术,提炼目前生态技术及其应用存在的核心司题,并提出针对性建议.分析表明,近百年来国内外在典型脆弱生态区退化生态系统治理方面做出了巨大努力,积累了数量众多的生态技术;生态技术的演化表现出从单一目标向兼顾生态、经济、民生等多目标复合模式演进的特点;在生态技术演变的同时,生态治理及生态系统管理政策和措施也发生了巨大变革.生态治理存在的主要问题包括;生态技术缺乏地域针对性;缺乏用于评价生态技术的指标体系以及技术优选与配置方法模型.针对生态技术数量庞大和应用范围广泛等特点,本文建议首先确定包含四个层次的总体分析框架,在此基础上,制定四级评价指标体系,采用三阶段评估方法(TheMert),基于利益相关者参与式评估、专家知识、退化生态系统监测、国家重大生态治理工程效果监测、国内外近百年生态技术分析等手段,实现对生态技术从广泛到深入、从定性/快速到定量/精细的逐级评估和优选的目标.

著录项

  • 来源
    《资源与生态学报(英文版)》 |2017年第4期|315-324|共10页
  • 作者单位

    中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;

    中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049;

    中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;

    中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049;

    中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;

    中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;

    中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049;

    中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;

    中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049;

    中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;

    中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049;

    中国科学院兰州文献情报中心,兰州730000;

    中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100;

  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 chi
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    脆弱生态区; 生态技术; 演化; 指标体系; 三阶段评估方法;

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