本文在采用经济学分析方法,在理论上解析了农业劳动力非农就业对农地利用的影响.作为理性经济人的农民对劳动力在两个部门的配置和不同质量土地的利用方式上遵循收益最大化原则和"均衡原理".非农收益较高、劳动力之间存在比较优势,其结果是农地经营的劳动力投入数量和质量降低.劳动力成为农户土地利用决策的主要约束条件,一方面,由于质量较好的土地仍然有较高的经营收益,所以农户不会放弃这些土地的经营,甚至采取集约化利用的方式;另一方面,质量较差的土地容易被粗放化利用,收益极低的土地容易被边际化.本文的分析为农业政策和生态建设政策提供了学术基础.农业劳动力非农就业且务农机会成本上升,将导致质量差的土地退出农业生产,这需要政府决策者应给予高度重视.%During rapid urbanization and industrialization process, non-farm employment of rural laborers has emerged as a prevalent phenomenon in rural areas of China and become an important driving factor for changes in agricultural land use. This article attempts to theoretically analyze the impacts of non-farm employment of rural la-borers on agricultural land use based on economic frameworks. As rational agents, farmers aim to maximize their income and folow equilibrium principles when they decide how to alocate their labor forces (or working time) in two departments (farm and non-farm) and how to use their agricultural land with different quality and location. The in-come earned by non-farm employment is higher, and there exists a comparative advantage between labors, as a result the quantity and quality of labor input in agricultural land use decreases. With the limitation of labor input during agricultural land use decision-making of farm households, on the one hand, land with higher quality is still utilized by farmers. On the other hand, poor quality land wil be less well managed and is more likely to be aban-doned. Non-farm employment of rural laborers and the rising of opportunity costs will result in abandonment of poor quality land, and great importance should be attached to this by policy makers.
展开▼
