The Hani Rice Terraces System is one of the Globaly Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) sites which can successfuly resist extreme droughts. The reason is not only that the forests and terraces have the important function of water conservation, which provide and conserve adequate water resources for this complex ecosystem, but also that Hani traditional ecological knowledge plays an important role in the drought-resistance process. In this paper, drought-resistant mechanisms of the Hani Rice Terraces System have been analyzed first, then Hani traditional ecological knowledge has been analyzed based on a comprehensive literature review, a questionnaire survey and key informant interviews. The results show that the Hani nationality has developed knowledge of water management techniques, including water conserving construction, water alocation and ditch management. The Hani people are also highly conscious of water resources protection. There is a good deal of forest resource management knowledge and worship of forests, which have effectively helped in protecting the forest ecological system. In the reclamation and maintenance of Hani terraced fields, the Hani people have devel-oped a series of farming systems, which have effectively protected the terrace ecosystem. Through analyzing this knowledge of water management, forest resource management and Hani terraced fields management, our paper confirms the important role that traditional ecological knowledge plays in maintaining stability of the system and realizing the efficient use of water resource. This is not only helpful for preserving cultural heritage, but is vital for protecting the Hani Rice Terraces System as a whole.%作为联合国粮农组织全球重要农业文化遗产保护试点之一的哈尼稻作梯田系统能够成功抵御百年一遇的大旱，不仅是因为森林生态系统和梯田生态系统具有重要的水源涵养功能，且以传统知识为主体的民族传统文化在系统成功抵御干旱的过程中也发挥了重要作用，哈尼稻作梯田系统成功抵御旱灾是自然生态系统与民族传统文化和谐发展的结果。本文首先探讨了哈尼稻作梯田系统成功抵御旱灾的机制；通过问卷调查、文献资料搜集和访谈的基础上对影响哈尼稻作梯田系统水源涵养功能的民族传统文化进行了深入探讨，研究结果表明传统文化在哈尼稻作梯田系统水源涵养功能中的影响主要体现在三个方面：（1）哈尼族具有独特的兴修水利、水量分配、水沟管理等一系列水资源管理知识，并形成了水资源保护意识；（2）哈尼族通过对森林资源的分类与管理，以及对森林的崇拜等因素影响，有效地保护了森林生态系统；（3）哈尼族通过对梯田的开垦和维护，以及形成的耕作体系，有效的保护了梯田生态系统。本文通过对水资源管理、森林管理和梯田管理知识等民族传统文化的研究，探究了哈尼传统民族文化在维持系统稳定性和实现水资源循环利用过程中的作用，该研究对民族传统文化的传承以及全球重要农业文化遗产（哈尼稻作梯田系统）的保护具有十分重要的现实意义。
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