在全球气候变暖大背景下，暴雨等极端天气事件频发，引发城市洪涝灾害。研究大城市暴雨的时空变化特征，可以为城市排水设施的设计提供参考，减轻城市洪涝灾害的危害。本文基于1960–2010年北京市20个气象台站的逐日降水量数据，采用 Mann-Kendall 趋势分析、累积距平曲线等方法，分析了北京市暴雨日数和暴雨量的时空变化特征。研究结果表明，北京市暴雨日数下降趋势不显著，但次均暴雨量、年最大日降水量在0.1显著水平上呈显著下降趋势。年均暴雨日数的空间分布由东南向西北递减，东南部平原区是暴雨特别是高强度暴雨的多发区。本文的研究结果对理解北京市暴雨洪涝灾害风险及其空间差异具有重要价值。%With global warming, rainstorms and other extreme weather events are occurring frequently, leading to urban waterlogging disasters. A study on spatiotemporal variation characteristics of rainstorms in urban areas can provide scientific support for the design of urban drainage facilities to mitigate the damage of urban flooding dis-asters. Drawing on daily rainfal data from 20 meteorological stations during 1960-2010, this study analyzed change trends for annual rainstorms in Beijing, using the Mann-Kendal approach and cumulative departure curve as methodology. The results show that annual days of rainstorms in Beijing decreased non-significantly, but the pre-cipitation of rainstorms and annual maximum daily precipitation declined significantly. The frequency of rainstorms generally decreased from southeast to northwest, with the greatest decrease occurring in the southeast plain areas. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of rainstorm risk in Beijing.
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