Alkyl benzenes plant contains hydrogenation process and alkylation process which are two of 15 kinds of hazardous chemical processes first established by the nation. The process media are flammable, explosive, toxic and/or high corrosive substances which have bigger dangers in the productions. Conducting studies on their processes and implementing control measures have important significance. The process hazards and the vital parts were discussed first and the major process risks were identified as fires, explosions and toxic harms; the reasons resulted in bias in term of temperature, pressure, material flow et al. Of process coditions, their consequences and the safety measures were studied taking hydrogenation reaction feeding oven and alkylation reactor as analytical objects by HAZOP; the simulation accident consequences were quantitively analyzed for fires and explosions from hydrogen release , and fires, explosions and toxications from benzene release, and the corresponding safety measures were proposed to eliminate or reduce the process risks, and ensure the plant safety.%烷基苯联合装置含有国家安全监管总局首批重点监管的15种危险化工工艺中的加氢工艺、烷基化工艺两种,装置工艺介质为易燃、易爆、有毒及强腐蚀性物质,生产中潜在危险性较大；开展工艺风险研究,落实控制措施,对于提高装置本质安全性具有极为重要意义.首先探讨了工艺危险和要害部位,确认装置主要风险为火灾、爆炸和毒性危害；然后应用HAZOP方法,以加氢反应进料加热炉、烷基化反应器为分析对象,研究了工艺状态参数温度、压力、物料流量等方面出现偏差的原因、后果及安全措施；还对氢气泄漏发生火灾、爆炸和苯泄漏发生火灾、爆炸、人员中毒进行了事故后果定量分析,提出了相应的安全措施,以消除或降低工艺危险,保障装置安全.
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