To prevent more and more serious problems of geological environment and public security such as brine overflowing, surface collapsing and so on that caused by the drilling solution salt mining, this paper presented a thorough study of the mechanism of goaf surface collapse, with Dongxing salt mine in Dingyuan town Anhui Province as an example. According to the buried condition of the rock salt deposit and the formation of surface collapse above goaf,the basic conditions that remained stable of the roof rock above.goaf was discussed by Pascal law that cavern must wased airtight, and the sudden change conditions of the roof rock instability and large deformation were given with cusp catastrophe model, which showes the the roof rock would lose its vertical support when the underground space closeness was destroyed and the groundbrine efflux from the cavern. Based on some methods such as ob theory of collapse arch etc, the influence degree to ground surface was estimated while the roof rock instability. The paper resented some measures for controlling surface collapse caused by salt mining that has important guiding significance to safe exploitation of similar mine in other areas.%为了防范钻井水溶法开采盐矿诱发卤水溢出、地面塌陷等愈发严重的地质环境和公共安全问题,本文以安徽省定远县东兴盐矿为例,对采空区地面塌陷灾害机理进行了深入研究.根据岩盐矿体的埋藏条件和采空区地面塌陷的过程,结合帕斯卡定律讨论了盐矿采空区顶板岩层保持稳定的前提,是必须保持采空区密闭为基本条件；通过尖点突变模型给出的顶板岩层大变形失稳突变条件,是采空区的封闭性遭受破坏、卤水外溢导致顶板岩层失去支撑；根据ЛротодъякоНов塌落拱理论等方法估算了采空区顶板岩层失稳对地面的影响程度,提出了对开采盐矿诱发地面塌陷灾害的防范措施,对其它地区同类矿山安全开采具有重要的指导意义.
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