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首页> 中文期刊> 《四川农业大学学报》 >根系互作强度对玉米/大豆套作系统下作物根系分布及地上部生长的影响

根系互作强度对玉米/大豆套作系统下作物根系分布及地上部生长的影响

         
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摘要

[Objective]A rhizobox experiment was conducted to explore the effects of root interaction in-tensity on crop roots and above-ground growth.[Method]The experiment was designed with maize mono-culture row spacing 60 cm(MM60),soybean monoculture row spacing 60 cm(SS),and three root interac-tion intensity in maize-soybean relay intercropping(row spacing 75 cm:MS75;row spacing 60 cm:MS60;row spacing 45 cm:MS45). Crop roots distribution,leaves photosynthesis characteristics,above-ground biomass accumulation and yield variation were investigated.[Results]The roots dry weight of maize in MS was lower than that of MM at the coexistence period. As the below-ground interactions intensity in-creased,the roots of intercropped maize was increased in 20~100 cm depth soil layer at maize base,and proliferation at horizontal direction of soybean underneath when compared with MM60. Meanwhile,the bleeding sap and P content of MS75 and MS60 were decreased by 28.92%,17.09%and 12.00%,11.97%compared with MM60,and those of MS45 were decreased by 1.23% and increased by 25.62% compared with MM60,respectively.While,the SPAD value and net Pnof maize leaves were no difference among the treatments.During the coexistence period,the higher root interaction led to the decrease of soybean roots distribution at maize sides,and decreasing the bleeding sap,and solubility sugar and P content of MS60 were significantly higher than that of soybean in MS.The bleeding sap,and solubility sugar and P content of MS45 were 47.89%,12.78%,18.36% lower than that of MS60,and 54.88%、25.11%、20.18% lower than that of MS75,respectively.The increase of root interaction intensity led to LAI,SPAD value and net Pndecreasing. At the R2 stage of soybean,as the suppression of maize removed,the roots of soybean in MS increased in horizontal direction,and the biomass of soybean in MS was significantly decreased com-pared with SS60,and the trends of above-ground biomass was SS60>MS75>MS60>MS45.At the R5 stage of soybean,the bleeding sap and compositions content of SS60 were higher than that of MS,and the bleeding sap,N and P content of MS 45 were increased compared with MS75,and the LAI and net Pnof MS45 were decreased compared with MS75. At the harvest stage,the yield and 100-kernel weight of maize in MS75,MS60 and MS45 were increased by 17.25%and 6.74%,21.66%and 9.43%,21.61%and 11.58% compared with MM60,respectively.Suitable root interaction can increase the yield of soybean in MS,and that of MS75 and MS60 were increased by 13.61%and 3.71%compared with SS60,and that of MS45 was decreased by 3.92% compared with SS60,respectively. A stronger roots interactions was di-verse to the recovery growth of soybean,which can decrease the number of branches and pods on branch-es,and yield of soybean.[Conclusion]The increase of root interaction intensity of maize/soybean relay in-tercropping system is advantageous to the root distribution and above-ground growth of maize,but it is unfavorable to the horizontal distribution of soybean root in the symbiotic period,which affects the recov-ery growth of soybean and reduces the yield of soybean in mature stage.%[目的]为探究玉米/大豆套作地下根系互作强度对作物根系分布及地上部生长的影响.[方法]采用根箱土培试验研究了5种玉米大豆根系互作强度(玉玉间距60 cm:MM60;豆豆间距60 cm:SS60;玉豆间距75 cm:MS75;玉豆间距60 cm:MS60;玉豆间距45 cm:MS45)下作物根系分布、叶片光合特征参数、地上部生物量积累和产量的变化规律.[结果]共生期间MS玉米根系干重低于MM60,随着根系互作强度的增加,套作玉米根系在主茎基部纵向20~100 cm土层和横向邻近大豆侧土壤中的分布量逐渐增加;玉米伤流液重量及其磷含量MS75和MS60较MM60分别低28.92%和17.09%、12.00%和11.97%,而MS45较MM60低1.23%和高25.62%,玉米叶片SPAD值和光合速率并无显著差异.玉豆共生期间的大豆根系在横向邻近玉米侧的分布量随玉豆根系互作强度的增加而降低,SS60的大豆伤流液重量及其可溶性糖、无机磷含量显著高于套作,而MS45较MS60和MS75分别降低47.89%、12.78%、18.36%和54.88%、25.11%、20.18%,且互作强度的增加降低了叶面积指数、叶片SPAD值和净光合速率.R2期,随着玉米竞争抑制作用的解除,套作大豆根系在水平方向上的分布量增加,但地上部生物量仍显著低于SS60,且生物量SS60>MS75>MS60>MS45.R5期,SS60伤流液重量及组分含量高于套作,与MS75相比,MS45的大豆伤流重量及其氮、磷含量和叶片SPAD值增加,叶面积指数和净光合速率显著降低.收获期MS75、MS60及MS45的玉米产量和百粒重较MM60分别高出17.25%和6.74%、21.66%和9.43%、21.61%和11.58%;适宜的根系互作可提高套作大豆产量,MS75、MS60产量较SS60高出13.61%和3.71%,而MS45则降低3.92%,大豆产量降低主要是因为共生期间较强的种间根系互作不利于大豆后期恢复生长,造成收获期分枝数、分枝荚数减少.[结论]玉米/大豆套作种间根系互作强度的增加有利于玉米的根系分布和地上部植株的生长,但不利于共生期大豆根系的水平分布,影响后期大豆的恢复性生长,降低成熟期大豆产量.

著录项

  • 来源
    《四川农业大学学报》 |2018年第1期|28-3759|共11页
  • 作者

    陈平; 杨文钰; 雍太文; 杜青; 庞婷; 付智丹; 杨燕竹; 刘佳; 帅鹏; 孙丽霞; 张瑞娣;

  • 作者单位

    四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;

    成都611130;

    四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;

    成都611130;

    四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;

    成都611130;

    四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;

    成都611130;

    四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;

    成都611130;

    四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;

    成都611130;

    四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;

    成都611130;

    成都农村商业银行股份有限公司;

    成都611130;

    四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;

    成都611130;

    四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;

    成都611130;

    华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;

    武汉430070;

    四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;

    成都611130;

    四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;

    成都611130;

  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 chi
  • 中图分类 作物生理学;
  • 关键词

    玉米/大豆套作; 根系互作; 根系分布; 产量; 光合特征;

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