The mixed denial-of-service attacks have become the mainstream threat to the Internet service availability.Tracing an individual attack packet to its origin is an important step in defending against such attacks.For this reason,researchers have proposed several approaches for single-packet IP traceback.However,these prior works suffer from the following disadvantages:The high process overhead at routers and low traceback accuracy.To address the issue,this paper proposes an efficient and precise approach,termed as S3T,for single-packet traceback based on label switching.Borrowing the idea of label switching principle in MPLS networks,its main method is to make use of the reverse routing to set up audit trails,and then employ parallel processing of audit trail establishment,more flexible storage assignment for traceback routers and adaptive adjustment for the audit trail retention time to overcome those drawbacks.Extensive analysis and simulation are carried out to conduct thorough numerical comparisons between S3T and the state-of-the-art approaches.The results show that S3T significantly outperforms the existing approaches in terms of the process overhead at routers,as well as the traceback accuracy.%混合拒绝服务攻击是当前互联网面临的主要威胁之一,针对它的单包溯源技术已成为网络安全领域研究的重点和热点.鉴于已有的单包溯源研究存在处理开销大、溯源精度低等问题,提出一种高精度、低开销的基于标签交换的单包溯源方法,简称S3T.该方法的基本思想是借鉴MPLS网络的交换路径生成原理,在溯源路由器上建立面向反向路由的追踪痕迹,降低溯源存储开销.然后,通过并行化建立追踪痕迹、灵活配置溯源路由器存储容量和自适应调整追踪痕迹存储时间等手段加快溯源路由器处理IP包速率,同时提高溯源精度.通过理论分析和基于大规模真实互联网拓扑的仿真实验,其结果表明,相比以往方案,S3T在溯源开销和溯源精度方面确实有了很大的改善.
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