This paper gives a survey of the random oracle model, which is an important tool in provable security. The random oracle model is introduced on several aspects, including its origin and development, basic properties and methodology, representative schemes, plaintext awareness, random oracle instantiation, the uninstantiable properties and related negative results, and the research of weakened random oracle models. Besides, other ideal models are compared with the random oracle model, and the construction of encryption schemes in the standard model is also referred.%介绍了可证明安全理论中的重要工具——随机谕言模型,包括随机谕言模型的起源、基本性质和方法、随机谕言模型中的代表方案、明文知晓性质、随机谕言的实例化、随机谕言不可实例化的性质和相关负面结论以及对弱化的随机谕言模型的研究.此外,比较了随机谕言模型和其他理想模型,简介了标准模型中的方案设计状况.
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