[目的]研究华南虎Panthera tigris amoyensis、东北虎P．tigris altaica和孟加拉虎P．tigris tigris之间的进化关系．[方法]采用PCR扩增结合质粒测序的方法，获得东北虎、孟加拉虎和华南虎线粒体DNA COⅠ基因750 bp序列、COⅢ基因737 bp的序列和ND4基因561 bp的序列．使用DNAStar和DNAssit软件对这些序列进行碱基组成、序列间的转换/颠换值、遗传距离等分析．选择家猫Felis catus、猎豹Acinonyx jubatus 及云豹Neofelis nebulosa 的mtDNA作为外群，利用Mega 4.0采用邻接法重建华南虎、东北虎、孟加拉虎的进化关系树．[结果和结论]研究发现东北虎、孟加拉虎和华南虎线粒体DNA COⅠ、COⅢ和ND4基因变异位点较少，且华南虎同孟加拉虎、东北虎的遗传距离要大于孟加拉虎和东北虎的遗传距离；构建了华南虎、东北虎、孟加拉虎的COⅠ、COⅢ和ND4基因的基因树，通过对基因树分析可以得东北虎和孟加拉均是由华南虎进化而来的结论．%[Objective]To analyze the phylogenetic relationship of South China tiger , Panthera tigris amoyensis, Siberian tiger, P.tigris altaica and Bengal tiger, P.tigris tigris.[Method] The fragment se-quences of three mitochondrial genes were achieved by sequencing the PCR clones .These included COⅠ750 bp, COⅢ737 bp and ND4 561 bp based on the three gene sequences analyses with the DNAStar software and the DNAssit software .Their base substitutions , Kimura 2-parameter distances and the per-centage differences among three tiger subspecies were obtained .At the same time , the three genes se-quences had fewer mutation sites .In addition , the Kimura 2-parameter distances of tiger subspecies was studied, selecting the mtDNAs of cat , Felis catus, leopard, Acinonyx jubatus and clouded leopard , Neofelis nebulosa as outgroup .The Mega 4.0 was used to reconstruct the evolutionary relationship of South China tiger , Siberian tiger , Bengal tiger with a neighbor-joining method .[Result and conclusion]The results of the Kimura 2-parameter distances of tiger subspecies indicates that Siberian tiger is closer to Bengal tiger than to South China tiger .The results of the COⅠ, COⅢand ND4 genes show that Siberian tigers and Bengal tigers evolve from South China tigers .
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