Objective To investigate the capacity of human endometrial stromal stem cells for differentiation into osteoblasts and chondroblasts and their potential as seeding cells in bone tissue engineering. Methods Human endometrial stromal stem cells were obtained from hysterectomy tissues from 15 women during normal menstrual cycles and induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondroblasts. The differentiated cells were examined with cytochemistry. Results A population of endometrial stromal stem cells was successfully isolated from human endometrial tissue and showed stable proliferation in vitro. After treatment with osteoblast and chondroblast revulsant, the endometrial stromal stem cells differentiated towards osteoblasts were verified by positive staining with alizarin red and towards chondroblasts by positive staining with Alcian blue. Conclusion Endometrial stromal stem cells obtained from human endometrial tissue with multilineage potential can differentiate into osteoblasts and chondroblasts in vitro, and may serve as candidate autogenous seeding cells for bone tissue engineering.%目的 研究子宫内膜基质干细胞在特定培养条件下向成骨及成软骨细胞分化，探讨其作为骨组织工程的种子细胞的可行性。方法取15例因子宫肌瘤行全子宫切除术患者的内膜组织，磁珠分选法获得子宫内膜基质干细胞，用成骨诱导和成软骨诱导培养基诱导，组织化学染色检测其向成骨和成软骨细胞分化的情况。结果从人子宫内膜组织中培养出基质干细胞，能稳定增殖传代。在成骨诱导培养基诱导下子宫内膜基质干细胞茜素红染色出现钙结节;成软骨诱导培养基诱导下，阿利新兰染色呈阳性。结论从子宫内膜组织中可获得具有多向分化潜能的基质干细胞，并能在体外稳定增殖传代，经诱导后可分化为成骨细胞和成软骨细胞，有可能成为骨组织工程较理想的种子细胞之一。
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