目的 观察大鼠在短期苯染毒后的中枢神经系统症状,了解短期苯染毒大鼠血液指标的异常,并探讨这些指标的变化意义.方法 取24只成年雌性SD大鼠,随机分成4组(3个实验组,1个对照组),每组各6只,低、中、高剂量组腹腔注射苯,浓度分别39.05、78.11、234.33 mg/kg,对照组为腹腔注射等剂量花生油.观察苯染毒后的中枢神经系统症状,并于染毒24 h后经大鼠股动脉取血,测定各组WBC、RBC、Hb、PLT等血常规指标及ALT、AST、LDH、ALP、BUN、UA等肝肾功能相关指标.结果 低、中剂量组大鼠未见明显中枢神经系统异常,高剂量组大鼠出现较明显的中枢神经系统症状.与对照组相比,低、中剂量组血常规指标及肝肾功能相关指标无显著性差别,但高剂量组中WBC、PLT血常规指标及ALT、AST肝功能指标,有显著性差别(P＜0.05)；各剂量组间、各剂量组与对照组之间的肾功能指标无差异(P＞0.05).结论 大鼠在短时间内接触高剂量的苯以后,会出现一定程度的中枢神经系统症状,血常规及肝功能等指标也有一定程度的异常变化,肾功能暂无明显改变.%Objective To observe the central nervous system symptoms and alterations in the blood indicators in rats within a short term after benzene poisoning. Method Twenty-four female SD rats were randomized into 4 equal groups to receive intraperitoneal injection of low-, medium- or high-dose benzene (39.05, 78.11, and 234.33 mg/kg, respectively) or peanut oil. Blood samples were taken from the rats via the femoral artery 24 h after the injections for routine blood test and liver and kidney function test. Results Intraperitoneal injection of benzene at a high dose, but not at a low or medium dose, caused obvious symptoms in the central nervous system. Benzene either at a low or medium dose did not produce obvious changes in routine blood test or liver and kidney function test as compared with the control group, but a high dose resulted in significant changes in WBC, PLT, ALT and AST (P<0.05). Abnormalities in the renal function were found in none of the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Exposure to high-dose benzene can result in abnormalities in the central nervous system, routine blood indicators and liver function, but does not obviously affect the kidney function in rats.
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