为优化冬季电加热服装设计,采用ANSYS建立加热片、空气层与织物组合体的三维有限元模型,模拟分析不同织物、不同加热片和不同空气层厚度等条件下模型内部与外表面的温度分布特征.同时探索增加空气层等效导热系数对加热片热量沿平面方向和厚度方向传递的影响.结果表明:织物热阻或空气层厚度增加,沿厚度方向的热量传递逐渐下降,且下降梯度逐渐变小,而沿织物平面方向的热量传递距离变大;通过分散发热区域可提高模型平面内的热量传递;增加空气层等效导热系数,模型中平面方向和厚度方向的热量传递均有增大.通过实验对热传递模拟结果进行验证,结果显示,织物外表面温度的模拟值与实验值最大相对误差为9.7%,二者吻合度较好.%In order to provide reference for the design and optimization of electrically heated clothing in winter,a three-dimensional finite element model combined with heating units,an air layer and fabrics was established using ANSYS system. The temperature distribution in the cross section and surface of the fabrics system were simulated and analyzed under different conditions of the fabrics,the heat units and the air layer thickness. Meanwhile, the effective thermal conductivity of the air layer was introduced and its influence on the heat transfer along the plane direction and the thickness direction was also analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the fabric thermal resistance or the thickness of air layer, the heat transferring along the thickness direction is decreased gradually and the decreased gradient becomes smaller. The heat along the plane direction transfers longer distance. By dispersing the heating area, the heat transferring along the plane direction can be increased because of the longer boundaries. With the increase of the effective thermal conductivity, both the heat transfer along the plane direction and the thickness direction in the model are increased. Finally,the heat transfer simulation results were verified by experiments,the results indicate that the outside surface temperature from simulations and experiments show a good consistency,and the maximum relative error is 9.7%.
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