车辆能源补给需求的产生存在空间和时间上的随机性,可能会在能源供应站点形成聚集,进而影响正常道路交通.为此,本文将能源供应站点抽象为多服务台单排队系统,通过需求车辆行驶特征、能源补给行为特点的分析和元胞矩阵的设计,构建了开放边界条件下的能源供应站点元胞自动机模型.模型实验结果表明:模型能够实现车辆能源补给行为的模拟;需求聚集和补给行为会诱发道路拥堵现象,并会在需求高度聚集时加剧道路拥堵状态;通过模型实验可以明确需求聚集诱发拥堵的边界条件,而不同聚集程度下的边界条件对比结果证明了实施需求车辆引导的必要性.%The emerging of vehicle energy demand, which is stochastic both in space and time, may cluster at recharging station and influence the traffic flow. Therefore, this paper analyzes the characters of vehicle on driving or recharging, and presents a recharging station cellular automata model with open boundary conditions in which the recharging station is regarded as a multi-server queuing system. The results of model experiment show that: (1) the model can simulate the vehicle energy recharging process in a station; (2) Vehicle energy recharging would induce traffic congestion, and which became serious with increased demands; (3) The boundary conditions of traffic congestion induced by demand cluster can be found by results analysis, and the necessity of the demand guidance is verified by comparative analyses of boundary conditions in deferent cluster degree.
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