In the light of important position of air transportation enterprise in the civil aviation industry chain and its critical effect to modern economy development, the three-stage DEA model is used to study the efficiency of air transportation enterprise empirically, which overcomes the shortcomings that previous study did not eliminate environmental and stochastic factors. We find that the state-owned airlines are inclined to be less efficient because of being likely to waste resources. After adjusting environmental and stochastic factors through SFA, we find that both pure technology efficiencies have increased, while scale efficiencies have fallen substantially, and the private airlines particularly badly, which illustrates that the domestic air transportation enterprise already has strong resources allocating ability, but no scale economy advantages, especially regional aviation are urgently need to be actively guided and supported by government. Lastly, some policy proposals are put forward.%鉴于航空运输企业在民航产业链中的重要地位及其对现代经济发展的重要影响,本文首次利用三阶段DEA模型对民航运输企业效率展开深入的实证研究,克服以往研究没有剔除环境因素和随机因素影响的弊端.研究发现,相对而言,国有航空极易产生资源投入的冗余或浪费,从而导致较低的运营效率,而经过环境和随机因素的调整后,两者的纯技术效率都略微上升且几乎一致,而规模效率都出现大幅下降,民营航空尤甚.说明国内航空运输企业已经具备较强的资源配置能力,而不具备行业规模经济优势,尤其是支线航空急需政策的积极引导和支持.最后给出了相关的政策建议.
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