In wireless sensor network, due to the nodes' unbalanced load, the low energy nodes may die prematurely. It will lead network partition or collapse and the network lifetime will be shorten. So it is unpractical with the unbalanced load network. Accord-ing to the impact factor of the node's residual energy, the transmission power and the load, the load balancing evaluation model ( LBEM) is built to realize the load balancing topology in this paper. And considering the larger information complexity of centraliza-tion algorithm, a distributed topology control algorithm is presented based on the load balancing evaluation model. Then its stability is proved applying to the lyapunov's direct method. The simulation results show LBEM can balance the energy consumption and improve the network practicability.%无线传感器网络的节点负载不均衡问题，易造成低能量节点过早死亡，引起网络分区甚至网络崩溃，从而降低了网络的实用性。因此，本文针对节点剩余能量和发射功率与负载之间的影响关系，建立了基于负载均衡的节点评价模型，并以节点评价模型作为拓扑的构建条件，考虑到集中式算法易引起较大的信息复杂度问题，提出了基于负载均衡评价模型的无线传感器网络分布式拓扑控制算法，并采用李雅普诺夫第二法证明了节点评价模型具有稳定解，仿真结果表明该算法能够均衡节点的负载和能耗，提高网络实用性。
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