Based on the suspicion of reason and reflections on the history of social development,Adam Ferguson was included in the camp of liberalism by Hayek,but little attention was given to his liberal thoughts and characteristics.From the perspective of individualism,Ferguson advocated economic freedom and prevented the excessive intervention of the government.From the sociality of mankind,political freedom is ensured through the rule of law and virtue:the rule of law is a kind of the restraint of justice,while the rule of virtue depends on public spirit and political participation.Ferguson's liberalism originates from a deep exploration of human nature and ends at the cautious mediation of order construction,representing the pioneer's reflection on and reaction to the upcoming commercial times based on two major aspects:human nature and rules.%基于对理性的怀疑和社会发展演进的深度思考,弗格森被哈耶克划归自由主义阵营,然而弗格森自由观念的体系与特征长期以来并未受到关注.弗格森从个人主义的视角出发,倡导经济自由,防范国家的过度干预;从人的社会性出发,借助法律之治和德性之治确保政治自由:法律之治是一种正义的约束,德性之治则仰赖公共精神与政治参与.弗格森的自由观念始自人性基础的深度探寻,终止于秩序建构的审慎调解,这代表着时代先行者立足人性和规则两大层面对即将到来的商业时代的反思与回应.
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