Purpose] To detect respiratory virus antigen by direct immunofluorescence method and provide evidence for early diagnosis of children with viral infection of the respiratory tract disease.[Methods] Select 398 cases of respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children, pharynx in exfoliated cells in respiratory syncytial virus by direct immunofluorescence(RSV), adenovirus(ADV), influenza virus type A(IFVA),influenza virus type B(IFVB), parainfluenza virus type 1(PIV1), parainfluenza virus type 2(PIV2) and parainflue-Nza virus type 3(PIV3) of 7 common viral antigens were detected, and carried on statistics analysis.[Results] In 398 cases of children with respiratory tract infection, 91 cases were positive, the positive rate was 22.86%. The highest for respiratory syncytial virus in 37 cases(40.66%) followed by parainfluenza virus type 3 in 19 cases(20.88%), influenza virus type B in 14 cases(15.38%); The positive rates of acute tonsillitis, capillary bronchitis, pneumonia, acute bronchitis and upper respiratory were 46.67%(14/30),40.00%(20/50), 26.67%(40/150), 18.42%(7/38), 7.69%(10/130) respectively; With the growth of age, the respiratory tract virus infection rate gradually decreased(P<0.05), one year old the viral infection rate was 76.92%;it occurred in the winter season of respiratory tract infection in children .[Conclusion] The main virus in children with acute respiratory infection in the local area is RSV. Virus infection decreases with the increase of age, treatment should be careful in the use of antibiotics.%[目的]采用直接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道病毒抗原，为儿童呼吸道病毒感染诊断提供帮助。[方法]选择398例呼吸道感染的住院患儿，采用直接免疫荧光法对咽部脱落细胞中的呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)、腺病毒(adenovirus,ADV)、流感病毒A型(the influenza virus type A, IFVA)、流感病毒B型(the influenza virus type B,IFVB)、副流感病毒1型(parainfluenza virus type 1,PIV1)、副流感病毒2型(parainfluenza virus type 2, PIV2)和副流感病毒3型(parainfluenza virus type 3,PIV3)7种常见病毒抗原进行检测，并进行统计学分析。[结果]在398例呼吸道感染患儿中，阳性91例，检出率为22．86%。其中最高为RSV 37例（40．66%），其次为PIV319例（20．88%）、IFVB 14例（15．38%）。急性扁桃体炎、毛细支气管炎、肺炎、急性支气管炎、上呼吸道感染的病毒阳性率分别是46．67%(14/30)、40．00%（20/50）、26．67%（40/150）、18．42%（7/38）、7．69%（10/130）。随着年龄的增长，呼吸道病毒的感染率逐步下降（P<0．05），≤1岁的病毒感染率最高，为26．52%。儿童呼吸道病毒感染以冬春两季好发。[结论]本地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的主要病毒是RSV，病毒感染随年龄增加而下降，治疗中应谨慎使用抗生素。
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