Objective]The article was to investigate the relationship between insulin signaling pathway and cancer risks and clarify the related mechanism. [Methods]Recent years experiments in vivo and in vitro, were summarized by three aspects about the insulin signaling pathway activation, intracellular signal transduction mechanisms and the genetics of insulin signaling pathway.[Result]Insulin and insulin analogs can bind to insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor, and hybrid receptor, and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways downstream, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinasepathway and other pathways that may exist, to promote mitosis, proliferation and anti-apoptosis, consequently increasing risks of tumor growth and development ,and cancer metastasis. Whereas, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of insulin signaling pathway related genes do not necessarily increase cancer risks. [Conclusion]Vitro studies have confirmed that insulin signaling pathway is associated with cancer risk. Whether the insulin and its analogs can actually increase cancer risks in human body, is worthy of further research.%[目的]探讨胰岛素信号通路与肿瘤风险的相关性，并明晰相关机制。[方法]本文总结近年来开展的体内试验和体外试验，从胰岛素信号通路激活、细胞内信号转导机制及胰岛素信号通路基因水平三方面进行阐述。[结果]胰岛素及胰岛素类似物可与胰岛素受体、胰岛素样生长因子受体、杂合受体结合，激活细胞内丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶信号通路及可能存在的其他信号通路，促使细胞有丝分裂、增殖及抗细胞凋亡，增加肿瘤生成、癌变、转移的风险。然而，胰岛素信号通路中信号分子的基因多态性却并不一定增加肿瘤风险。[结论]体外研究表明胰岛素信号通路与肿瘤风险相关。而胰岛素及其类似物在人体内环境中是否同样能增加肿瘤风险，值得更深一步的研究。
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