Fractal image coding, which has the potential high compression ratio and simple decoding characteristics, has been a research focus of the lossy image coding over the past decade. This paper describes the mathematical basis of fractal image coding, the traditional Jacquin fractal image coding principle of encoding and decoding, and the experimental simulation of Jacquin fractal image coding using Matlab tool. Experimental result shows that Jacquin fractal image coding needs a long time of searching the best matching domain block, but image decoding is easy and fast.How to improve image coding time will be the main content of Jacquin fractal coding in the future.%分形图像编码具有潜在的高压缩比、解码简单等特点成为近十年来有损编码中的一个研究热点。文章阐述了分形编码的数学基础和传统分形编码Jacquin方法的编解码原理，最后利用Matlab工具对图像的Jacquin分形法进行了实验仿真。实验结果表明，Jacquin分形法搜索最佳匹配块的编码时间较长，而解码过程简单快捷。提高图像编码速度将是Jacquin分形法今后改进的主要内容。
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