新城市生态系统是指从遗留的自然生态系统到提供特定生态系统功能的高度人工复合系统在内的统一体，涵盖了所有类型的城市自然和开放空间。通过这个统一体，特定的生态系统服务及危害和这些新城市生态系统联系在一起。目前关键性的问题和挑战在于如何理解新城市生态系统的起源，以便于更好的利用和管理它们，从而提供合宜的生态系统服务功能。相关案例的分析阐明了新城市生态系统的类型，以及它们是如何被应用于特定的生态系统服务和最大程度降低生态系统危害。%Novel Urban Ecosystems include al types of urban nature and urban green spaces, along a continuum from remnant natural ecosystems to highly engineered/hybrid systems to support specific ecosystem functions. Specific ecosystem services and disservices are associated with al types of novel urban ecosystems, across the continuum. Key questions and chal enges address how an understanding of novel urban ecosystem origin influence their management to deliver desirable ecosystem services. Examples are presented to il ustrated the diversity of novel urban ecosystem types and how they have been adapted and managed to deliver specific ecosystem services and to minimize ecosystem disservices.
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