为了解决全站仪、激光跟踪仪等设备进行空间坐标测量时设备昂贵、存在测量盲点等问题,提出一种基于电子经纬仪和激光测距仪的空间坐标测量方式.用激光测距仪测得激光束所在直线上的几个点到激光测距仪的距离,同时用经纬仪观察这些点,得到各个点对应的水平角和天顶角；数据处理时,首先通过最小二乘法得到经纬仪原点和各个目标点所构成的多根射线所决定的公共平面,然后将这些射线投影到这个公共平面内,得到对应的投影射线；通过这些共面的投影射线和已知的各个目标点之间的距离用最小二乘法得到这些目标点的坐标解,然后拟合得到一条直线,即激光测距仪的光束所在的空间直线解.工作时,通过测距仪测得待测点到测距仪之间的距离,由这根空间直线的表达式方程,即可得到待测点在经纬仪坐标系中的坐标.结果表明,该测量方式可以在一定条件下实现全站仪、激光跟踪仪难以实现的多点动态非接触空间坐标测量.%In order to overcome shortcomings, such as blind spots and high expense, in space coordinate measurement with a total station and laser tracker, a space coordinate measurement method was put forward based on theodolites and rangefinders. The distance of a few target dots along the laser beam were measured with a laser rangefinder, at the same time these target dots were observed with a theodolite so that the horizontal angle and zenith angle of each target point were obtained. In the following data processing, the public plane, determined by the rays consisting of each target point and the origin of the theodolite, was calculated with the least square method, then these rays were projected to the public plane to obtain the corresponding projection rays, and the coordinates of each target dot were calculated based on these projection rays and the distances between target dots. Finally, the expression of the space line indicating the laser beam was fitted. Known the equation of the space line, the coordinates of to-be-tested dots in the theodolite coordinate system can be calculated if only measuring the distance between the dot and laser rangefinder. This measurement gives access to multi-point dynamic non-contact space coordinate measurement, which is difficult for a total station and laser tracker to achieve.
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