There are many m anually repaired Dunhuang manuscripts, some of which were repaired by the ancients. In addition to Buddhist manuscripts, some repaired manuscripts are folk manuscripts, especially about teaching materials concerned with schools in that times. The traces of the repaired manuscripts explain that: Firstly, repair work from the ancients is very fine, followed some principles, such as the source of the small paper which used to repair and the orientation of the character sides. Secondly, besides monks repaired Buddhist manuscripts, some restorers repaired the folk manuscripts. Thirdly, school education especially Monastic schools were very flourish during that time, needing a large number of Buddhist manuscripts and folk ones as teaching materials. The fourth, due to lack of substance and human resources, to produce new handwriting books was more expensive, so the ancients repaired the damaged manuscripts and reused them.%敦煌文献有大量人为修补的例子，被修补文献中有相当数量的是佛典之外的俗世文献，特别是与学校教育有关的书籍读本。古人对这些俗文献的修补痕迹表明：第一，古人的修复工作非常精细并且有一定原则，如修补用纸片的来源、纸片有字一面的朝向等；第二，除僧侣对佛典进行修补之外，还有其它修复者参加了对俗文献的修复；第三，当时学校教育特别是寺学兴旺发达，需要大量的佛教与俗世文献作为教材；第四，因物质资料和人力的缺乏，产出新写本作为教材的代价比较昂贵，古人使用了“修补”的方式对残损教材进行修复并再次利用。
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