National Natural Science Foundation of China is one of the main channels of the Government to support basic researches; the effective selection of experts and the disciplinary review group construction are the basis for the fair and equitable evaluation. Based on the related management regulations made for the evaluation expert over the years, this research summarizes the trend of the evaluation expert management under the context of the actual condition of the state and systematically analyzes the key issues of ＂Standing Committee＂, ＂Expert Selection＂, ＂Faith Building＂ and ＂Anti-assessment＂, by comparison with the management mechanism of evaluation expert in the United States, Germany, Japan and other developed countries. Finally, suggestions for improving management of evaluation experts and the forming discipline review group are put forward.%国家自然科学基金是政府支持基础研究的主要渠道之一，评审专家的遴选与学科评审组的建设是保证基金公平、公正评审的基础。本文以历年相关评审专家管理办法为基础，并与美国、德国和日本等发达国家科学基金评审专家的管理机制相比较，归纳总结出基金现状下评审专家管理的发展趋势，并针对“常委化”、“专家遴选”、“诚信建设”和“反评估”等关键问题做了系统分析．进而得出改进评审专家管理和学科评审组组建的启示与建议。
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