对长江口雌性和雄性成体凤鲚(Coilia mystus)整体的营养成分和品质进行了分析与评价.结果显示,雌、雄凤鲚整体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分的质量分数分别为78.36％-1.41％、76.70％±1.20％,14.25％±1.05％、15.18％±0.12％,4.61％±1.78％、4.84％±0.27％和2.22％±0.38％、2.97％±0.64％,雌、雄间均不具有显著性差异(P＞0.05).雌、雄均含有18种组成蛋白质的氨基酸,总量分别为66.20％±5.78％和65.93％±6.35％(质量分数,干样),其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总量分别是25.07％±1.93％和23.95％±2.21％,两者间不具有显著性差异(P＞0.05),分别占氨基酸总量的37.90％和36.33％,雌、雄凤鲚的必需氨基酸组成比例均符合FAO/WHO的标准.色氨酸是雌、雄凤鲚整体的第一限制性氨基酸,蛋氨酸+胱氨酸是第二限制性氨基酸,雌、雄凤鲚整体的EAAI分别为70.73和66.99,4种鲜味氨基酸总量分别为25.99％±2.53％和26.02％±2.3％(质量分数,干样).雌性凤鲚的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量显著低于雄性(P＜0.05),而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量则显著高于雄性(P＜0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)两者无显著差异(P＞0.05).雌性凤鲚脂肪酸中EPA与DHA质量分数分别为5.70％±0.24％和10.15％±1.31％,显著高于雄性凤鲚的1.05％±0.40％和1.06％±0.44％.结果表明,长江口雌、雄成体凤鲚整体的氨基酸较均衡,而雌性凤鲚的脂肪酸营养更为丰富,比雄性凤鲚具有更好的食用价值与保健作用.%Nutrient components of adult female and male Coilia mystus were investigated in this paper.The examination results showed that the content of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash of female and male C.mystus in the whole were 78.36％ ±1.41％,76.70％ ±1.20％;14.25％ ±1.05％,15.18％ ± 0.12％;4.61％ ±1.78％,4.84％ ±0.27％ and 2.22％ ±0.38％,2.97％ ±0.64％,respectively.And there were no significant differences between female and male C.mystus (P ＞ 0.05).18 common amino acids were found in the female and male C.mystus including 8 kinds of essential amino acids (Thr,Val,Met,Phe,Ile,Leu,Lys and Trp),2 kinds of half-essential amino acid (His and Arg),8 kinds of nonessential amino acids (Asp,Glu,Ser,Gly,Ala,Tyr,Cys and Pro).In the dry samples,the total contents of amino acids (TAA) were 66.20％ ± 5.78％ and 65.93％ ± 6.35％,respectively.The contents of EAA,HEAA and NEAA were 25.07％ ±1.93％,23.95％ ±2.21％;6.07％ ±0.54％,6.07％ ±0.48％ and 35.06％ ± ± 3.31％,35.91％ ± 3.66％,respectively.There was no significant difference between female and male C.mystus(P ＞0.05).4 kinds of delicious amino acids (DAA) accounted for 25.99％ ± 2.53％ and 26.02％ ± 2.3％,respectively in the dry samples.The ratios of total delicious amino acids to total amino acids (WDAA/WTAA) were 39.23％ and 39.47％,respectively.The essential amino acids indexes (EAAI) were 70.73 and 66.99,respectively.The ratios of total essential amino acids to total amino acids (WEAA/WTAA) was 37.90％ and 36.33％,respectively.And the ratios of total essential amino acids to total nonessential amino acids (WEAA/WNEAA) were 71.60％ and 66.69％,respectively.It was clear that the contents of the different amino acids were stable and the constitutional proportions of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO Standard.According to nutrition evaluation for AAS and CS,the first limited amino acid was Trp,and the second limited amino acid was (Met ± Cys).9 saturated fatty acids (SFA),7 mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 11 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found in the female and male C.mystus.The mass fractions of EPA and DHA in fatty acid of female C.mystus were 5.70％ ± 0.24％ and 10.15％ ± 1.31％,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of male C.mystus (1.05％ ± 0.40％ and 1.06％ ± 0.44％) (P ＜ 0.05).The above analysis showed that the total amino acid of adult male and female C.mystus in the Yangtze River estuary was more balanced,while the fatty-acid nutrition of female C.mystus was more abundant,so it had better edible value and health fuction than male C.mystus.
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