超级电容器高的电能储存密度以及长的使用寿命引起了世界范围内的关注.通过参考和整理当前超级电容器的研究进展,介绍了两大类超级电容器的原理、主要性能、目前的发展情况和特点.同时,总结了改善和提高超级电容器储能密度的各种材料的选取、制备工艺和途径.在此基础上,认为电化学超级电容器比电介质超级电容器具有更大的储能密度及市场前景.然而,由于电介质超级电容器的独特性能,其在一些电子电气设备、元器件的应用中具有不可替代的作用,值得深入研究.%The supercapacitors characterized by high power and energy storage density and long-Jife had attracted global attentions. Two kinds of supercapacitors principle, main properties, development status and characteristics are briefly introduced through references on the current research progress. Meanwhile, the different approaches to improve and enhance the energy density are summarized. It is concluded that electrochemical-supercapacitors possess larger energy density and much more market share than those of dielectric-supercapacitors. However, the dielectric-su-percapacitors are worthy of study because they have unique properties to be used in electrical elements and equipments.
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