聚合物基复合材料具有许多优异的性能,如比强度高和耐疲劳等,因此,被广泛应用于各个领域.然而,在其服役过程中,会受到低速冲击作用而产生明显或潜在损伤,易导致应力集中,形成安全隐患.为此,国内外科研人员对此展开了多方面的研究工作.本文综述了聚合物基复合材料低速冲击损伤及环境和材料结构对其影响的研究现状,归纳了环境作用后聚合物基复合材料的冲击损伤机理,总结了国内外对冲击损伤的测试与评估方法,对比了不同有限元模拟软件的分析方法,指出了目前研究中存在的问题,并展望了未来需要着重开展的研究方向.%The polymer composites can be widely used in many fields due to their amazing properties, such as high strength-weight ratio, anti-fatigue and so on. However, some obvious or potential damage, which can case stress concentration and induce safety hazard, may be generated by low velocity impact during the service process of the materials. Thus many researchers have focused on this problem. In this paper, the current situation of the effect of various environment and composite structures on the low velocity impact damage of polymer matrix composites is summarized. The development of the impact damage assessment and finite element analysis are illustrated. The impact damage mechanism of composites is clarified. The methods and technology of impact damage assessment are summarized. The different analysis methods of finite element softwares are compared. In addition, the problems existing in the current researches are presented. In the end, the developing trend and promising research topics are suggested.
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