在载人航天技术迅猛发展的今天,空间环境的特殊性(高真空、空间辐射、微磁场及微重力等)对机体产生的一系列影响是制约载人航空发展的重要因素.宇航员在进行外太空飞行后出现的立位耐力不良、骨质疏松、肌肉萎缩等多种生理及病理改变是由太空的特殊环境作用于各种细胞引起的.已有大量研究通过搭载空间飞行器或模拟器对微环境下细胞发生的变化及机制进行了探讨.微重力下细胞骨架的形态,细胞的周期与分化,基因的表达和信号转导均发生了变化.然而,微重力条件下细胞骨架蛋白,调控细胞周期与分化的各类蛋白质如何变化仍有待进一步研究.%Today,with the rapid development of manned space technology,the influence of the particularity of the space environment,such as high vacuum,space radiation,micro magnetic field,microgravity,etc.,on the body is an important factor restricting the development of the manned aviation. Many physiological and pathological changes such as orthostatic intolerance,osteoporosis and muscle atrophy after astronauts' outer space flight are all reflected by all kinds of cells in the special environment of space. A large number of studies have been conducted to explore the changes and mechanisms of cells in microenvironments by carrying space vehicles or simulators. The morphology of cytoskeleton,cell cycle and differentiation, gene expression and signal transduction have changed under microgravity. However,the changes of cytoskeleton proteins,proteins regulating cell cycle and differentiation under microgravity,remain to be further studied.
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