Objective To analyze and compare the clinical outcomes of traditional craniotomy with minimally invasive surgery under the microscope for the treatment of basal ganglia hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods Total of 79 basal ganglia hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage patients in Feicheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Jan.2010 to Jan.2014 were divided into traditional craniot-omy group(traditional group,32 cases) and minimally invasive surgery under the microscope group(mini-mally invasive group,47 cases) depending on different surgical approaches.Operative time,blood loss, hospital stay, neurological function defect score, clinical efficacy and complications were recorded and compared.Results The total effective rate of minimally invasive group(85.1%,40/47) was significantly higher than the traditional group(53.1%,17/32),the efficacy of the minimally invasive group was better than the traditional group(P<0.01).The operative time,hospital stay and blood loss of minimally inva-sive group were less than the traditional group[(1.9 ±0.9) h vs (3.2 ±1.1) h,(17 ±7) d vs (54 ± 13) d,(44 ±17) mL vs (90 ±26) mL],the differences were statistically significant(P <0.01).At 3 weeks,6 weeks,12 weeks after operation,the neurological function defect score of both groups were de-creased,and the difference between different groups,different time points,the interaction of different time points and groups were statistically significant ( P<0.01 ) .The complication rate of the minimally invasive group was significantly lower than the traditional group[36.2%(17/47) vs 93.8%(30/32),P<0.05]. Conclusion Minimally invasive surgery under the microscope for the treatment of basal ganglia hyperten-sive cerebral hemorrhage has better clinical efficacy than traditional craniotomy with less blood loss ,lower complication rates and faster recovery of neurological function,thus is worthy of the clinical application.%目的：比较传统开颅手术与显微镜下微创手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年1月肥城市中医医院收治的79例基底节区高血压脑出血患者的临床资料，根据手术方式不同分为传统开颅手术组（传统组，32例）和显微镜下微创手术组（微创组，47例）。记录并比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、住院时间及神经功能缺损评分、临床疗效及并发症发生情况。结果微创组的总有效率为85.1％（40／47），显著高于传统组的53.1％（17／32），微创组临床疗效优于传统组（P＜0.01）。微创组手术时间、住院时间短于传统组，出血量显著少于传统组[（1.9±0.9） h比（3.2±1.1） h，（17±7） d比（54±13） d，（44±17） mL比（90±26） mL]，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。术后3周、6周、12周两组患者的神经功能缺损评分均呈下降趋势，且不同时点间微创组低于传统组，组间、不同时点间、组间・不同时点间的交互作用比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。微创组并发症的发生率为36.2％（17／47），显著低于传统组的93.8％（30／32），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论显微镜下硬质通道微创手术对于基底节区高血压脑出血的临床治疗效果优于传统的开颅手术，出血量少，且并发症发生率低，神经功能恢复快，值得临床推广应用。
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