采用气候倾向率和线性趋势法分析了四川省农业气候资源特征以及主要农作物典型生育期变化趋势.结果表明,1961-2014年全省大部地区≥10℃初日呈现提前趋势、终日呈推迟趋势,≥10℃积温呈升高趋势.在此背景下,玉米和水稻出苗期呈提前趋势,速率分别为6.6 d/10a和3.5 d/10a;玉米成熟期无明显变化趋势,水稻成熟期呈现明显推迟趋势,变化速率为2.4 d/10a;玉米和水稻生育期天数均呈现了不同程度的延长.冬小麦出苗期无明显变化,而成熟期呈现提前趋势,速率达2.7 d/10a,生育期天数呈现显著缩短趋势,速率达4.9 d/10a.总体而言,积温的增加、温度生长期天数的延长为生育期长的作物品种种植提供了必要条件,通过品种的选择和播期调整,可以充分发挥资源优势,趋利避害,从而提高农作物产量.%This research uses the annual climate tendency rate and the linear trend method to analyze the characteristics of agroclimate resources over Sichuan Province and the growth period change of main crops in recent years.The results show that the beginning date of 10 ℃ advanced,the ending date of 10 ℃ postponed,and the accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ increased in most parts of Sichuan Province from 1961 to 2014.Under this background,the seedling stages of maize and rice showed an advanced trend,with the rate being 6.6 days per 10 years and 3.5 days per 10 years;the mature period of maize has no obvious change in trend and the rice showed a postponed maturity period with the change rate being 2.4 days per 10 years;the growth periods of maize and rice both lengthened at different levels.The seedling stage of winter wheat had no obvious change;the mature period showed an advance trend,with the rate being 2.7 days per 10 years;the growth period significantly shortened,with the rate being 4.9 days per 10 years.In general,the increase of the accumulated temperature and the prolonged growth period provide necessary conditions for the crop varieties with a long growth period.Through the varieties selection and sowing date adjustment,we can sufficiently make use of the resource advantages to increase the crop yields.
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