Climate warming is widely predicted to be largest and most rapid at high latitudes and high altitudes like Arctic tundra, alpine tundra, Tibetan plateau, etc. The impacts of climate change on these ecosystems are critical for the global C cycle because of the large amount of C stored in these cold regions. Microbes are key drivers in biogeochemical cycling, and microbial responses and feedbacks to climate change affect ecosystems functioning and stability. This paper review microbial community composition, diversity and spatial distributions in those cold ecosystems, and microbial responses to climate change (warming, nitrogen deposition, fire interference), which could provide base in expanding microbial community studies in cold ecosystems of China.%高寒生态系统分布在高纬度或高海拔、气候寒冷的地区,包括北极苔原、高山苔原、青藏高原等.高寒生态系统对气候变化非常敏感,其土壤中储存大量的有机碳,对全球的碳平衡起关键作用.微生物是生物地球化学循环的主要驱动者,微生物群落对气候变化的响应和反馈影响生态系统的功能与稳定性.本文回顾了高寒生态系统微生物群落组成、多样性与空间分布,以及微生物群落对气候变化(增温、氮沉降、火干扰)的响应,为拓展我国高寒生态系统微生物研究提供基础.
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