The state of charge(SOC)is an important parameter of VRB to character the remaining capacity of the battery. In this paper,the common prediction methods of VRB SOC are introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages are com⁃pared. Based on the nonlinear characteristic of VRB SOC,the method of using BP neural network to predict VRB SOC is pro⁃posed. The BP neural network was optimized with Levenberg⁃Marquardt optimization algorithm and Bayesian regularization algo⁃rithm. The neural network improved with Bayesian regularization can predict SOC in real time in VRB testing process. The experi⁃mental results show that the neural network improved by Bayesian regularization algorithm can improve the real⁃time prediction accuracy of SOC,and has good application prospect.%电池荷电状态（SOC）用于表征电池的剩余电量，是全钒液流电池的一个重要参数。在此介绍常用的钒电池SOC预测方法，并对比其优缺点。基于电池SOC的非线性特征，提出采用BP神经网络预测钒电池的SOC，并采用L⁃M优化算法以及贝叶斯正则化算法对网络进行优化。使用贝叶斯正则化改进的神经网络在对项目中全钒液流电池测试过程实时预测SOC。实验结果表明，采用贝叶斯正则化算法改进的神经网络能够提高SOC的实时预测精度，具有很好的实用前景。
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